Placement of EV Charging Stations --- Balancing Benefits among Multiple Entities

摘要

This paper studies the problem of multi-stage placement of electric vehicle(EV) charging stations with incremental EV penetration rates. A nested logitmodel is employed to analyze the charging preference of the individual consumer(EV owner), and predict the aggregated charging demand at the chargingstations. The EV charging industry is modeled as an oligopoly where the entiremarket is dominated by a few charging service providers (oligopolists). At thebeginning of each planning stage, an optimal placement policy for each serviceprovider is obtained through analyzing strategic interactions in a Bayesiangame. To derive the optimal placement policy, we consider both thetransportation network graph and the electric power network graph. A simulationsoftware --- The EV Virtual City 1.0 --- is developed using Java to investigatethe interactions among the consumers (EV owner), the transportation networkgraph, the electric power network graph, and the charging stations. Through aseries of experiments using the geographic and demographic data from the cityof San Pedro District of Los Angeles, we show that the charging stationplacement is highly consistent with the heatmap of the traffic flow. Inaddition, we observe a spatial economic phenomenon that service providersprefer clustering instead of separation in the EV charging market.